Prevalencia de Dolor Miofascial en Músculos de la Masticación y Cervicales en un Centro Especializado en Trastornos Temporomandibulares y Dolor Orofacial / Prevalence of Myofascial Pain in Masticatory and Neck Muscles in a Specialized Center of Temporomandibular Disorders and Orofacial Pain

El dolor miofascial es una patología muscular regional no inflamatoria que en el territorio craneocervical se encuentra clasificada dentro de los Trastornos Temporomandibulares. Afecta al 95% de las personas con trastornos de dolor crónico y es un hallazgo común en pacientes en tratamiento en centros de dolor. Se revisaron 121 fichas de pacientes atendidos en el policlínico de Trastornos Temporomandibulares y Dolor Orofacial de la Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco-Chile, identificando la prevalencia de dolor miofascial y su asociación con la edad y sexo de los pacientes. El 80,99% de los pacientes presentó dolor miofascial, el músculo masetero fue el más afectado, seguido por los músculos temporal y trapecio superior, siendo frecuente la afectación bilateral y simultánea de diferentes músculos. La presencia de dolor miofascial no se asocia a la edad de los pacientes pero si al sexo de estos, donde las mujeres presentan más frecuentemente esta patología. Es importante realizar un correcto diagnóstico de dolor miofascial en pacientes que acuden por dolor en este territorio y más aún es trascendental tomar conciencia de su elevada prevalencia.

Myofascial pain is a noninflammatory regional muscle pathology, in craniocervical territory it is classified as temporomandibular disorder. Myofascial pain affects 95% of people with chronic pain disorders and is a common finding in pain centers. One hundred twenty-one charts of patients seen at the clinic of Temporomandibular Disorders and Orofacial Pain at the Universidad de La Frontera Temuco-Chile, were reviewed, identifying the prevalence of myofascial pain and its association with age and sex of the patients. In 80.99% of patients myofascial pain was present, the masseter muscle was the most affected, followed by the temporal and upper trapezius muscles, with frequent bilateral and simultaneous involvement of different muscles. The presence of myofascial pain is not associated with patient age but it is associated with the sex of these, where women have this condition more often. It is important to make a correct diagnosis of myofascial pain in patients presenting with pain in this area and it is even more crucial to be aware of its high prevalence.

DFT Calculations of Isotropic Hyperfine Coupling Constants of Nitrogen Aromatic Radicals: The Challenge of Nitroxide Radicals.

The performance of DFT methodology to predict with accuracy the isotropic hyperfine coupling constants (hfccs) of aromatic radicals containing (14)N nucleus is investigated by an extensive study in which 165 hfccs, belonging to 38 radical species, are obtained from calculations with B3LYP and PBE0 functionals combined with 6-31G*, N07D, TZVP, and EPR-III basis sets, and are compared to the reported experimental data. The results indicate that the selection of the basis set is of fundamental importance in the calculation of (14)N hfccs, whereas there is not so great an influence on the accurate computation of that parameter for (1)H nuclei. The values of the calculated (14)N coupling constants of aromatic nitroxide radicals using DFT methodology are noticeably lower than the experimental ones. A very simple relation to predict these hfccs with high accuracy is proposed on the basis of the present results, as an interesting alternative to the highly computationally demanding integrated approaches so far used.

Density functional theory study of 14N isotropic hyperfine coupling constants of organic radicals.

Nitrogen hyperfine coupling constants (hfccs) of organic radicals have been calculated by density functional theory (DFT) methodology. The capability of the B3LYP functional, combined with 6-31G*, TZVP and EPR-III basis sets, to reproduce experimental nitrogen coupling constant data has been analyzed for 109 neutral, cationic and anionic radicals, all of them containing at least one nitrogen atom. The results indicate that the selection of the basis set plays an important role in the accuracy of DFT calculations of hfccs, mainly in relation with the composition of the primitive functions and the quantum number of those functions. The main conclusion obtained is the high reliability of the scheme B3LYP/6-31G* for the prediction of nitrogen hfccs with very low computational cost.

Density functional theory predictions of isotropic hyperfine coupling constants.

The reliability of density functional theory (DFT) in the determination of the isotropic hyperfine coupling constants (hfccs) of the ground electronic states of organic and inorganic radicals is examined. Predictions using several DFT methods and 6-31G, TZVP, EPR-III and cc-pVQZ basis sets are made and compared to experimental values. The set of 75 radicals here studied was selected using a wide range of criteria. The systems studied are neutral, cationic, anionic; doublet, triplet, quartet; localized, and conjugated radicals, containing 1H, 9Be, 11B, 13C, 14N, 17O, 19F, 23Na, 25Mg, 27Al, 29Si, 31P, 33S, and 35Cl nuclei. The considered radicals provide 241 theoretical hfcc values, which are compared with 174 available experimental ones. The geometries of the studied systems are obtained by theoretical optimization using the same functional and basis set with which the hfccs were calculated. Regression analysis is used as a basic and appropriate methodology for this kind of comparative study. From this analysis, we conclude that DFT predictions of the hfccs are reliable for B3LYP/TZVP and B3LYP/EPR-III combinations. Both functional/basis set scheme are the more useful theoretical tools for predicting hfccs if compared to other much more expensive methods.

Theoretical isotropic hyperfine coupling constants of third-row nuclei (29Si, 31P, and 33S).

In a previous paper (Hermosilla, L.; Calle, P.; Garcia de la Vega, J. M.; Sieiro, C. J. Phys. Chem. A 2005, 109, 1114), an adequate computational protocol for the calculation of isotropic hyperfine coupling constants (hfcc's) was proposed. The main conclusion concerns the reliability of the scheme B3LYP/TZVP//B3LYP/6-31G* in the predictions of hfcc's with low computational cost. In the present study, we gain insight into the behavior of the above functional/basis set scheme on nuclei of the third row, for which few systematic studies have been carried out up to the present date. The systems studied are neutral, cationic, anionic, localized, and conjugated radicals, containing (29)Si, (31)P, and (33)S nuclei. After carrying out a regression analysis, we conclude that density functional theory (DFT) predictions on the hfcc's of the third-row nuclei are reliable for B3LYP/TZVP by using an optimized geometry with B3LYP/6-31G* combination. By comparison with other much more computationally demanding schemes, namely, B3LYP/cc-pVTZ and B3LYP/cc-pVQZ, we conclude that the B3LYP functional in conjunction with the TZVP basis set is the most useful computational protocol for the assignment of experimental hfcc's, not only for nuclei of first and second rows, but also for those of the third row.

Variaciones en la expresión cerebral del receptor opioide mu a lo largo del ciclo estral de la rata / Estrous cycle alters mu-opioid receptor immunostaining in the rat brain

Con el fin de observar las posibles alteraciones regionales de la expresión de receptores opioides mu en el cerebro de la rata que pudieran acontecer a lo largo del ciclo estral, se ha realizado un estudio inmunocitoquímico que ha demostrado la existencia de un incremento significativo del número de células nerviosas que expresan el receptor en la fase de proestro (a las 15.00 h), con respecto al estro, en el área preóptica medial del hipotálamo y la corteza piriforme. Estos resultados concuerdan con estudios previos en los que se ha demostrado que la expresión del receptor opioide mu en el prosencéfalo de la rata puede ser alterada por los esteroides gonadales (AU)

Educación del paciente con infarto agudo al miocardio en unidad de cuidados intensivos / Education of patient with acute infarct of miocardium in intensive care unit

En el presente trabajo se evalúa el rendimiento educativo en 53 pacientes que ingresaron a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital San Juan de Dios con diagnóstico de Infarto Agudo al Miocardio, entre mayo de 1984 y julio de 1985